Manufacture or treatment of yarns or filaments



Patented Aug. 13, 1-935 MANUFACTURE on TREATMENT or YARNS a FILAMENLIS George Schneider, Montclair, N. J., assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. .Application December 19, 1933,

Serial No. 703,106 1 16 Claims. (01. 91-68 This invention relates to the lubrication of tex-' 5 of a lubricant to textile yarns and filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose that retains its lubricative properties for long periods of time and does not change the propertiesof the yarn or filaments. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.

The lubrication of yarns, particularly those made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose presents serious difficulties since the ordinary lubricants employed present various disadvantages when applied to such yarn. The ordinary lubricants impart a harshness to the textile yarn, or -by oxidation and/or hydrolysis upon standing in contact with the yarn they impart to organic derivatives of cellulose yarn an increased tendency to deluster when treated with hot aqueous media. Some lubricants upon oxidation develop gumminess or lose their lubricative properties while others develop free acids or other products that may interfere in dyeing and sizing processes. I have found that teaseed oil is an excellent lubricant when applied to or incorporated in the organic derivatives of cellulose yarns or filaments.

While the oily lubricant of this invention develops quite a fair amount of free acidity on ageing upon the yarn, there is however very little lossfof unsaturated groups as evidenced by the small change in the iodine number. Upon ageing, yarns and filaments lubricated with teaseed oil accordingto this invention, suffer less loss of their desirable textile properties when exposed to air and light and do not develop increased delustering properties as compared with yarns lubricated with other oils. Thus yarn lubricated according to this invention may be stored for considerable lengths of time before processing to a fabric and dyeing and yet the dyeing is even 1 and full, there having developed no'difference in filament texture due to unevenness of exposure. The oily lubricant of this invention is subject to little or slow oxidative and/0r hydrolytic changes that tend to cause polymerization and gum the lubricant or change the physical and lubricative properties of the yarn. Thus'the lubricated yarn may be stored for long'periods of time without developing a gummy or tacky surface that causes 'a drag on the yarns as they pass through guides etc. which drag is one cause of poor stitch or weave shape in mild cases and v to breaking and hairing of the yarns and cutting of the guides in more severe cases, so that such aged yarn may be successfully employed in circular or warp knitting operations as well as in weaving, winding, twisting or other textile op- 5 erations.

The lubricant comprising teaseed oil of this invention does not exert a change on the yarns or filaments. It does not give to the yarns a rough or harsh feel as do many lubricants upon long contact with the yarn.- It does not impart hardness and brittleness to the yarns.

The lubricant of this invention does not develop rancid odors upon ageing and for this reason the fabrics formed of the yarn treated therewith need not be scoured entirely free of same. This property reduces the severeness of the scouring baths used and reduces the possibility of injury to the fabric.

In accordance with my invention, then, -I lubricate yarnsor filaments containing organic derivatives of cellulose with a lubricant of teaseed oil with or without the aid of other lubricants, emulsifying agents and/or diluents.

The invention although applicable to all types 25. of yarns and filaments is particularly applicable to yarns or filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose such as the organic esters and ethers of cellulose. Examples of organic esters of cellulose 'are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate while examples of organic ethers of cellulose are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and butyl cellulose. By the term yarns or filaments there is included, threads, as-

semblies or bundles of a number of continuous filaments which may be in parallel relationship or which may be twisted together, artificial bristies, straws, short lengths of staple fibers or yarn spun from such staple fibers. This invention is also applicable to the production and treatment 40 of films, foils and sheet material made from or containingorganic derivatives of cellulose.

The yarns or filaments may contain besides the organic derivative of cellulose base various effect materials such as pigments, filling materials, dyes or lakes, fire retardants, plasticizers, and sizes. Examples of fire retardants are beta chlornaphthalene, triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate, Examples of plasticizers are diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl toluene sulfonanide, etc. Examples of filling materials are powdered metals, powdered oxides and carbonates. of metals, lamp black and opaque organic substances. The effect materials may be applied to the yarns or filaments as a. coating or they may and filaments are to be spun.

The lubricant may especially be applied to the yarns or filaments in the course of their production, or it may be applied subsequently before or during any textile. operation in which they are employed. By applying the lubricant to the yarns and filaments by adding a suitable quantity of same to the spinning solution from which the filaments are spun by either a dry evaporative methoil or by a'wet spinning method, this 'may suflice for the subsequent textile operations. The lubricant may for example be applied to the yarn or filaments during any winding operation thereof by passing samein contact with a wick, roller, disc or other furnishing device that dips into the lubricant. The yarns or filaments may be drawn through a solution or emulsion of the lubricant operations in view of other circumstances.

or the solution or emulsion may be sprayed upon the yarn. The particular nature of the lubricant dressing and the manner of applying it may vary considerably according to the particular textile The lubricant may also be applied to the yarns or filaments' by hank dipping methods or by forcing the lubricant through packages of the yarn. The yarns may also be lubricated by padding or spraying after they have been processed to a fabric.

The lubricant dressing may contain besides the teaseed oil, emulsifying agents such as sodiurmor potassium soaps or diuents such as oleic acid and other o ls. The lubricant dressing may also contain fugitive colors that tint bu" do not actually dye the organic derivatives of cellulose maoleic acid and water. In other cases. where water emulsions are not desirable, for instance in preparing the threads for operations such as warp knitting, a dressing of teaseed oil and oleic acid may be applied from a heated mixture of same. In other cases teaseed oil or teaseed oil and a fugitive tint may be applied cold by means of a wick.

The amount of lubricant applied will vary with the type ofyarn, the effect materials therein or applied to the yarn as it leaves the spinning cabinet. Larger or smaller amounts may be found desirable for each particular type of yarn or fabric. For certain uses there maybe added to the spinning solution as much as 10% or above of the lubricant.

Excellent finishes for organic derivatives or cellulose yarns that are to be knitted, or woven, and particularly circular knitted, may be formed by admixing teaseed oil with a relatively nonvolatile substance having at least a solvent or latent solvent action on the organic derivatives of cellulose, such as ethyl oxy-butyrate, benzyl alcohol, diaceton'e alcohol or formals made by the condensation of formaldehyde or other aldehyde with polyhydric alcohols or their partial ethers such as glycerol ethylene glycol, mono methyl ether of ethylene glycol etc. Such finishes may also contain a hygroscopic relatively nonvolatile substance, such as diethylene glycol, glycerine, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or other polyhydric alcohols, the mono ethyl ether of ethylene glycol or other ethers of glycols or other polyhydric alcohols.

Thefollowing are, some examples of practical 2,010,900 .be added to the solution from which the yarns applications of the invention, it being understood that these are given only by way of illustration and that the thereto. r

Example I A yarn is spun by the dry evaporation method from a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. Immediately after the yarn leaves the spinning cabinet and'prior to being wound'on a cap winding bobbin it is contacted with a standard cotton wick that dips into a bath of teaseed oil. The wick is suitably adjusted so that it applies from 1 to 2% by weight of teaseedoil to the yarn. The yarn is. found to be evenly and sumciently lubricated and warp knits with a good stitch shape. The yarn after storage for a long period of time scours with less delustering and crinkling than blanks lubricated with the commonly used lubricants.

Example II Cellulose acetate yarn is treated with 2% of teaseed oil during a winding operation by means of' a furnishing roller. The yarn exhibits the same properties as the yarn treated according to Example I. I Example III To a spinning solution containing 25/75. cellul07e acetate/water-acetone there is added 4% on the weight of the cellulose acetate of teaseed oil. This solution is spun into yarn by the dry method of spinning. The yarn is found to be sufiiciently lubricated to efliciently pass through guides, fliers and other control devices in winding, twisting and weaving bperations.

\ Example Ill A conditioning liquid is made as follows:

. Parts by weight The formal of ,the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol 60 to'lO Teaseed oil 40 to 30 A mixture of 70% diethylene glycol and 30% water 6to12 This mixture is applied to yarn in amounts of 4 to 6% of the weight of the yarn. The so treated yarn can be easily formed into circular knit fabrics that are free of pin holes and distortions.

Having described my invention what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Yarns or filaments comprising organic derivatives of cellulose and a lubricant containing teaseed oil.

2. Yarns or filaments comprising cellulose acetate and a lubricant containing teaseed oil.

3. Yarns or filaments comprising organic derivatives of cellulose and a lubricant containing teaseed oil and an emulsifying agent.

4. Yarns or filaments comprising cellulose acetate and a lubricant containing teaseed oil and an emulsifying agent.

5. Yarns or filaments comprising organic derivatives of cellulose and a lubricant comprising teaseed oil and a substance having at least a latent solvent action on the organic derivatives of cellulose.

6. Yarns or filaments comprising cellulose acetate and a lubricant comprising teaseed oil and a substance having at least a latent solvent action on the cellulose acetate.

'7. In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filaments and like materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, the step of applying to invention is in no way restricted the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil and an emulsifying agent.

10. In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filaments and like materials containing cellulose acetate, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil and an emulsifying agent.

11. In a process for the manufacture of yarn,

, filaments and like materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil in the form of a watery emulsion.

12. In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filaments and like materials containing cellulose acetate, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil in the form of a watery emulsion.

13. In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filaments and like materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil, oleic acid and water.

14. In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filament and like materials containing cellulose acetate, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising teaseed oil, oleic acid and water.

15."In a process for the manufacture of yarn, filaments and like materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, the step of applying to the materials a lubricant dressing comprising GEORGE 

